The Renal working group aims to determine the long-term effects of COVID-19 infection on:

1. kidney function in patients with previously normal renal function and
2. the general health of patients already living with kidney disease

We will build on preliminary biochemical and radiological findings that suggest that the kidney injury is a common feature of COVID-19. We will also try to design interventions e.g. surveillance of kidney function and rehabilitation strategies in patients affected by COVID-19.

The PHOSP Cardiovascular working group includes experts in cardiovascular research and medicine and related disciplines. The backbone membership and coordination of the group is provided by the NIHR-BHF Cardiovascular Partnership, which brings together cardiovascular researchers from across research centres funded by the British Heart Foundation (BHF) and the National Institute for Health Research (NIHR). The Cardiovascular Partnership has identified a small number of “Covid-19 Cardiovascular Disease Flagship Projects”, some of which are embedded within the PHOSP core workplan.

The metabolic working group aims to determine why those with diabetes are at increased risk of mortality and severe COVID-19 infection. The group will design and undertake analyses from the PHOSP COVID database but also incorporate ongoing analyses from large national databases, where appropriate.

This working group aims to quantify and then characterise the extent and severity of the consequences of Covid on lung and systemic vasculature. In particular, COVID is known to result in thrombosis during the acute illness, but we do not know whether this will result in chronic thromboembolic complications. We shall use primarily physiology and imaging to assess the long-term effects of COVID on the circulation. Results from an early analysis of data will inform decisions regarding further integration with biobanked samples. We also aim to set up a randomised study of anticoagulation for incidental pulmonary embolism at follow up where equipoise exists regarding therapy.

The Lung Fibrosis working group will describe the incidence of interstitial lung disease (ILD)/ lung fibrosis in survivors of COVID-19 following hospitalisation and the impact of post-COVID-19 ILD on physiology, function, and quality of life. The group will define resolving and progressing phenotypes and determine the predictors of outcome. Using various techniques, we will determine the key drivers of ILD in these patients to identify potential therapies.

The PHOSP Brain Working Group brings together a wide range of researchers, clinicians and charities who want to investigate the long term effects of COVID on mental, cognitive and neurological health – and to explore how these effects are related to individual patient characteristics and whole body health. The core membership and coordination of this group are provided by the NIHR Mental Health and Dementia Translational Research Collaborations, which bring together leading experts, research infrastructure and facilities from across the UK. We will study patient reported symptoms, assess cognitive function and use brain imaging techniques including MRI. Our objective is to identify factors that relate to longer term problems, identify the mechanisms involved and then to develop interventions and treatments that improve patient outcomes.

The PHOSP-COVID Intensive Care working group aims to investigate and quantify the long-term outcomes in patients with severe COVID-19 infection admitted to critical care. The group will build on preliminary findings from the first wave of the pandemic that patients have a higher relative mortality than other ICU conditions, and increased risk of readmission and healthcare costs. We will also investigate mechanisms behind the findings that patients from Black, Asian and minority ethnic (BAME) populations and lower socioeconomic status are over-represented, compared to similar cohorts with non-COVID critical illness. Working with an multidisciplinary research team and ICU patient representatives, we will try to understand mechanisms determining differing trajectories of recovery also try to design interventions e.g. rehabilitation strategies and therapeutic interventions to improve the severity of post-ICU symptoms in this group.

Who are the PHOSP-COVID Airways Disease group?

PHOSP-COVID is a UK research consortium funded by the government to explore the short to long term sequelae of COVID-19 in people who were hospitalised. It aims to build an integrated clinical and research pathway to tackle persisting symptoms in those who have been in hospital with COVID. The Airways Disease group is a group of experts with skills and track record in airways disease, health informatics and clinical research. They represent centres across the UK caring for patients with long COVID.

What is long COVID?

Long COVID is a collection of symptoms affecting multiple body systems and functions including breathing, mental health, joints and skin, often accompanied by fatigue or reduced energy levels which are experienced by some after suffering acute COVID illness.

Research priorities in long COVID and airways disease

To better understand where research on long COVID and airways disease should focus, the PHOSP-COVID Airways Disease group in partnership with Asthma UK and the British Lung Foundation have received around 300 proposed research questions from over 50 international experts in airways disease and COVID. The group is now collating and refining these questions, which will then go through a process to select the top priority research projects. The views of people with newly diagnosed or pre-existing airway diseases will be incorporated by running a parallel exercise involving patients. The combined results will then inform funders and healthcare researchers on the most pressing research questions in the field of long COVID and airways disease. The results from this joint international prioritisation exercise is planned for publication by early 2021.

The rehabilitation working group aims to determine the long-term effects of COVID-19 on physical and psychological functioning, and to develop interventions that help patients recover from the deleterious effects of COVID-19.

The sarcopenia working group aims to determine the role that sarcopenia plays in poor long term outcomes of COVID-19 survivors. It will compare muscle mass, strength and physical functioning in patients who were hospitalised and made either good recoveries or poor recoveries. It will use a range of techniques to determine the drivers of sarcopenia in these patients in order to identify potential therapies.

The fatigue group aims to examine bio-psycho-social predictors of fatigue post COVID-19 infection, at 3, 6 and 12 months prospectively. This will help inform the development of targeted interventions.

Patient and public involvement is an important part of the PHOSP-COVID study.

The PHOSP Charity Group consists of a wide range of charities who work with the PHOSP Executive Board and subject-specific Working Groups to ensure that the patient voice is taken into account at all stages of the study. Charities are participating members of the Working Groups where they provide expertise and can help to ensure research priorities reflect those of patients and the public. As the study progresses, charities will work closely with the PHOSP team to ensure key messages are shared with patients and the public.

The Thoracic Imaging Steering Group aims to develop the infrastructure to a) collect and anonymise chest x-rays and computed tomography imaging and computed tomography reports for patients in PHOSP-COVID and b) then allow linkage of imaging data with separately held clinical data. The Thoracic Imaging Steering Group will also perform baseline quantitative analyses of collected chest imaging, the results of which will have value for other groups in PHOSP-COVID.

The Renal working group aims to determine the long-term effects of COVID-19 infection on:

1. kidney function in patients with previously normal renal function and
2. the general health of patients already living with kidney disease

We will build on preliminary biochemical and radiological findings that suggest that the kidney injury is a common feature of COVID-19. We will also try to design interventions e.g. surveillance of kidney function and rehabilitation strategies in patients affected by COVID-19.

The PHOSP Cardiovascular working group includes experts in cardiovascular research and medicine and related disciplines. The backbone membership and coordination of the group is provided by the NIHR-BHF Cardiovascular Partnership, which brings together cardiovascular researchers from across research centres funded by the British Heart Foundation (BHF) and the National Institute for Health Research (NIHR). The Cardiovascular Partnership has identified a small number of “Covid-19 Cardiovascular Disease Flagship Projects”, some of which are embedded within the PHOSP core workplan.

The metabolic working group aims to determine why those with diabetes are at increased risk of mortality and severe COVID-19 infection. The group will design and undertake analyses from the PHOSP COVID database but also incorporate ongoing analyses from large national databases, where appropriate.

This working group aims to quantify and then characterise the extent and severity of the consequences of Covid on lung and systemic vasculature. In particular, COVID is known to result in thrombosis during the acute illness, but we do not know whether this will result in chronic thromboembolic complications. We shall use primarily physiology and imaging to assess the long-term effects of COVID on the circulation. Results from an early analysis of data will inform decisions regarding further integration with biobanked samples. We also aim to set up a randomised study of anticoagulation for incidental pulmonary embolism at follow up where equipoise exists regarding therapy.

The Lung Fibrosis working group will describe the incidence of interstitial lung disease (ILD)/ lung fibrosis in survivors of COVID-19 following hospitalisation and the impact of post-COVID-19 ILD on physiology, function, and quality of life. The group will define resolving and progressing phenotypes and determine the predictors of outcome. Using various techniques, we will determine the key drivers of ILD in these patients to identify potential therapies.

The PHOSP Brain Working Group brings together a wide range of researchers, clinicians and charities who want to investigate the long term effects of COVID on mental, cognitive and neurological health – and to explore how these effects are related to individual patient characteristics and whole body health. The core membership and coordination of this group are provided by the NIHR Mental Health and Dementia Translational Research Collaborations, which bring together leading experts, research infrastructure and facilities from across the UK. We will study patient reported symptoms, assess cognitive function and use brain imaging techniques including MRI. Our objective is to identify factors that relate to longer term problems, identify the mechanisms involved and then to develop interventions and treatments that improve patient outcomes.

The PHOSP-COVID Intensive Care working group aims to investigate and quantify the long-term outcomes in patients with severe COVID-19 infection admitted to critical care. The group will build on preliminary findings from the first wave of the pandemic that patients have a higher relative mortality than other ICU conditions, and increased risk of readmission and healthcare costs. We will also investigate mechanisms behind the findings that patients from Black, Asian and minority ethnic (BAME) populations and lower socioeconomic status are over-represented, compared to similar cohorts with non-COVID critical illness. Working with an multidisciplinary research team and ICU patient representatives, we will try to understand mechanisms determining differing trajectories of recovery also try to design interventions e.g. rehabilitation strategies and therapeutic interventions to improve the severity of post-ICU symptoms in this group.

Who are the PHOSP-COVID Airways Disease group?

PHOSP-COVID is a UK research consortium funded by the government to explore the short to long term sequelae of COVID-19 in people who were hospitalised. It aims to build an integrated clinical and research pathway to tackle persisting symptoms in those who have been in hospital with COVID. The Airways Disease group is a group of experts with skills and track record in airways disease, health informatics and clinical research. They represent centres across the UK caring for patients with long COVID.

What is long COVID?

Long COVID is a collection of symptoms affecting multiple body systems and functions including breathing, mental health, joints and skin, often accompanied by fatigue or reduced energy levels which are experienced by some after suffering acute COVID illness.

Research priorities in long COVID and airways disease

To better understand where research on long COVID and airways disease should focus, the PHOSP-COVID Airways Disease group in partnership with Asthma UK and the British Lung Foundation have received around 300 proposed research questions from over 50 international experts in airways disease and COVID. The group is now collating and refining these questions, which will then go through a process to select the top priority research projects. The views of people with newly diagnosed or pre-existing airway diseases will be incorporated by running a parallel exercise involving patients. The combined results will then inform funders and healthcare researchers on the most pressing research questions in the field of long COVID and airways disease. The results from this joint international prioritisation exercise is planned for publication by early 2021.

The rehabilitation working group aims to determine the long-term effects of COVID-19 on physical and psychological functioning, and to develop interventions that help patients recover from the deleterious effects of COVID-19.

The sarcopenia working group aims to determine the role that sarcopenia plays in poor long term outcomes of COVID-19 survivors. It will compare muscle mass, strength and physical functioning in patients who were hospitalised and made either good recoveries or poor recoveries. It will use a range of techniques to determine the drivers of sarcopenia in these patients in order to identify potential therapies.

The fatigue group aims to examine bio-psycho-social predictors of fatigue post COVID-19 infection, at 3, 6 and 12 months prospectively. This will help inform the development of targeted interventions.

Patient and public involvement is an important part of the PHOSP-COVID study.

The PHOSP Charity Group consists of a wide range of charities who work with the PHOSP Executive Board and subject-specific Working Groups to ensure that the patient voice is taken into account at all stages of the study. Charities are participating members of the Working Groups where they provide expertise and can help to ensure research priorities reflect those of patients and the public. As the study progresses, charities will work closely with the PHOSP team to ensure key messages are shared with patients and the public.

The Thoracic Imaging Steering Group aims to develop the infrastructure to a) collect and anonymise chest x-rays and computed tomography imaging and computed tomography reports for patients in PHOSP-COVID and b) then allow linkage of imaging data with separately held clinical data. The Thoracic Imaging Steering Group will also perform baseline quantitative analyses of collected chest imaging, the results of which will have value for other groups in PHOSP-COVID.

The Renal working group aims to determine the long-term effects of COVID-19 infection on:

1. kidney function in patients with previously normal renal function and
2. the general health of patients already living with kidney disease

We will build on preliminary biochemical and radiological findings that suggest that the kidney injury is a common feature of COVID-19. We will also try to design interventions e.g. surveillance of kidney function and rehabilitation strategies in patients affected by COVID-19.

The PHOSP Cardiovascular working group includes experts in cardiovascular research and medicine and related disciplines. The backbone membership and coordination of the group is provided by the NIHR-BHF Cardiovascular Partnership, which brings together cardiovascular researchers from across research centres funded by the British Heart Foundation (BHF) and the National Institute for Health Research (NIHR). The Cardiovascular Partnership has identified a small number of “Covid-19 Cardiovascular Disease Flagship Projects”, some of which are embedded within the PHOSP core workplan.

The metabolic working group aims to determine why those with diabetes are at increased risk of mortality and severe COVID-19 infection. The group will design and undertake analyses from the PHOSP COVID database but also incorporate ongoing analyses from large national databases, where appropriate.

This working group aims to quantify and then characterise the extent and severity of the consequences of Covid on lung and systemic vasculature. In particular, COVID is known to result in thrombosis during the acute illness, but we do not know whether this will result in chronic thromboembolic complications. We shall use primarily physiology and imaging to assess the long-term effects of COVID on the circulation. Results from an early analysis of data will inform decisions regarding further integration with biobanked samples. We also aim to set up a randomised study of anticoagulation for incidental pulmonary embolism at follow up where equipoise exists regarding therapy.

The Lung Fibrosis working group will describe the incidence of interstitial lung disease (ILD)/ lung fibrosis in survivors of COVID-19 following hospitalisation and the impact of post-COVID-19 ILD on physiology, function, and quality of life. The group will define resolving and progressing phenotypes and determine the predictors of outcome. Using various techniques, we will determine the key drivers of ILD in these patients to identify potential therapies.

The PHOSP Brain Working Group brings together a wide range of researchers, clinicians and charities who want to investigate the long term effects of COVID on mental, cognitive and neurological health – and to explore how these effects are related to individual patient characteristics and whole body health. The core membership and coordination of this group are provided by the NIHR Mental Health and Dementia Translational Research Collaborations, which bring together leading experts, research infrastructure and facilities from across the UK. We will study patient reported symptoms, assess cognitive function and use brain imaging techniques including MRI. Our objective is to identify factors that relate to longer term problems, identify the mechanisms involved and then to develop interventions and treatments that improve patient outcomes.

The PHOSP-COVID Intensive Care working group aims to investigate and quantify the long-term outcomes in patients with severe COVID-19 infection admitted to critical care. The group will build on preliminary findings from the first wave of the pandemic that patients have a higher relative mortality than other ICU conditions, and increased risk of readmission and healthcare costs. We will also investigate mechanisms behind the findings that patients from Black, Asian and minority ethnic (BAME) populations and lower socioeconomic status are over-represented, compared to similar cohorts with non-COVID critical illness. Working with an multidisciplinary research team and ICU patient representatives, we will try to understand mechanisms determining differing trajectories of recovery also try to design interventions e.g. rehabilitation strategies and therapeutic interventions to improve the severity of post-ICU symptoms in this group.

Who are the PHOSP-COVID Airways Disease group?

PHOSP-COVID is a UK research consortium funded by the government to explore the short to long term sequelae of COVID-19 in people who were hospitalised. It aims to build an integrated clinical and research pathway to tackle persisting symptoms in those who have been in hospital with COVID. The Airways Disease group is a group of experts with skills and track record in airways disease, health informatics and clinical research. They represent centres across the UK caring for patients with long COVID.

What is long COVID?

Long COVID is a collection of symptoms affecting multiple body systems and functions including breathing, mental health, joints and skin, often accompanied by fatigue or reduced energy levels which are experienced by some after suffering acute COVID illness.

Research priorities in long COVID and airways disease

To better understand where research on long COVID and airways disease should focus, the PHOSP-COVID Airways Disease group in partnership with Asthma UK and the British Lung Foundation have received around 300 proposed research questions from over 50 international experts in airways disease and COVID. The group is now collating and refining these questions, which will then go through a process to select the top priority research projects. The views of people with newly diagnosed or pre-existing airway diseases will be incorporated by running a parallel exercise involving patients. The combined results will then inform funders and healthcare researchers on the most pressing research questions in the field of long COVID and airways disease. The results from this joint international prioritisation exercise is planned for publication by early 2021.

The rehabilitation working group aims to determine the long-term effects of COVID-19 on physical and psychological functioning, and to develop interventions that help patients recover from the deleterious effects of COVID-19.

The sarcopenia working group aims to determine the role that sarcopenia plays in poor long term outcomes of COVID-19 survivors. It will compare muscle mass, strength and physical functioning in patients who were hospitalised and made either good recoveries or poor recoveries. It will use a range of techniques to determine the drivers of sarcopenia in these patients in order to identify potential therapies.

The fatigue group aims to examine bio-psycho-social predictors of fatigue post COVID-19 infection, at 3, 6 and 12 months prospectively. This will help inform the development of targeted interventions.

Patient and public involvement is an important part of the PHOSP-COVID study.

The PHOSP Charity Group consists of a wide range of charities who work with the PHOSP Executive Board and subject-specific Working Groups to ensure that the patient voice is taken into account at all stages of the study. Charities are participating members of the Working Groups where they provide expertise and can help to ensure research priorities reflect those of patients and the public. As the study progresses, charities will work closely with the PHOSP team to ensure key messages are shared with patients and the public.

The Thoracic Imaging Steering Group aims to develop the infrastructure to a) collect and anonymise chest x-rays and computed tomography imaging and computed tomography reports for patients in PHOSP-COVID and b) then allow linkage of imaging data with separately held clinical data. The Thoracic Imaging Steering Group will also perform baseline quantitative analyses of collected chest imaging, the results of which will have value for other groups in PHOSP-COVID.

The Renal working group aims to determine the long-term effects of COVID-19 infection on:

1. kidney function in patients with previously normal renal function and
2. the general health of patients already living with kidney disease

We will build on preliminary biochemical and radiological findings that suggest that the kidney injury is a common feature of COVID-19. We will also try to design interventions e.g. surveillance of kidney function and rehabilitation strategies in patients affected by COVID-19.

The PHOSP Cardiovascular working group includes experts in cardiovascular research and medicine and related disciplines. The backbone membership and coordination of the group is provided by the NIHR-BHF Cardiovascular Partnership, which brings together cardiovascular researchers from across research centres funded by the British Heart Foundation (BHF) and the National Institute for Health Research (NIHR). The Cardiovascular Partnership has identified a small number of “Covid-19 Cardiovascular Disease Flagship Projects”, some of which are embedded within the PHOSP core workplan.

The metabolic working group aims to determine why those with diabetes are at increased risk of mortality and severe COVID-19 infection. The group will design and undertake analyses from the PHOSP COVID database but also incorporate ongoing analyses from large national databases, where appropriate.

This working group aims to quantify and then characterise the extent and severity of the consequences of Covid on lung and systemic vasculature. In particular, COVID is known to result in thrombosis during the acute illness, but we do not know whether this will result in chronic thromboembolic complications. We shall use primarily physiology and imaging to assess the long-term effects of COVID on the circulation. Results from an early analysis of data will inform decisions regarding further integration with biobanked samples. We also aim to set up a randomised study of anticoagulation for incidental pulmonary embolism at follow up where equipoise exists regarding therapy.

The Lung Fibrosis working group will describe the incidence of interstitial lung disease (ILD)/ lung fibrosis in survivors of COVID-19 following hospitalisation and the impact of post-COVID-19 ILD on physiology, function, and quality of life. The group will define resolving and progressing phenotypes and determine the predictors of outcome. Using various techniques, we will determine the key drivers of ILD in these patients to identify potential therapies.

The PHOSP Brain Working Group brings together a wide range of researchers, clinicians and charities who want to investigate the long term effects of COVID on mental, cognitive and neurological health – and to explore how these effects are related to individual patient characteristics and whole body health. The core membership and coordination of this group are provided by the NIHR Mental Health and Dementia Translational Research Collaborations, which bring together leading experts, research infrastructure and facilities from across the UK. We will study patient reported symptoms, assess cognitive function and use brain imaging techniques including MRI. Our objective is to identify factors that relate to longer term problems, identify the mechanisms involved and then to develop interventions and treatments that improve patient outcomes.

The PHOSP-COVID Intensive Care working group aims to investigate and quantify the long-term outcomes in patients with severe COVID-19 infection admitted to critical care. The group will build on preliminary findings from the first wave of the pandemic that patients have a higher relative mortality than other ICU conditions, and increased risk of readmission and healthcare costs. We will also investigate mechanisms behind the findings that patients from Black, Asian and minority ethnic (BAME) populations and lower socioeconomic status are over-represented, compared to similar cohorts with non-COVID critical illness. Working with an multidisciplinary research team and ICU patient representatives, we will try to understand mechanisms determining differing trajectories of recovery also try to design interventions e.g. rehabilitation strategies and therapeutic interventions to improve the severity of post-ICU symptoms in this group.

Who are the PHOSP-COVID Airways Disease group?

PHOSP-COVID is a UK research consortium funded by the government to explore the short to long term sequelae of COVID-19 in people who were hospitalised. It aims to build an integrated clinical and research pathway to tackle persisting symptoms in those who have been in hospital with COVID. The Airways Disease group is a group of experts with skills and track record in airways disease, health informatics and clinical research. They represent centres across the UK caring for patients with long COVID.

What is long COVID?

Long COVID is a collection of symptoms affecting multiple body systems and functions including breathing, mental health, joints and skin, often accompanied by fatigue or reduced energy levels which are experienced by some after suffering acute COVID illness.

Research priorities in long COVID and airways disease

To better understand where research on long COVID and airways disease should focus, the PHOSP-COVID Airways Disease group in partnership with Asthma UK and the British Lung Foundation have received around 300 proposed research questions from over 50 international experts in airways disease and COVID. The group is now collating and refining these questions, which will then go through a process to select the top priority research projects. The views of people with newly diagnosed or pre-existing airway diseases will be incorporated by running a parallel exercise involving patients. The combined results will then inform funders and healthcare researchers on the most pressing research questions in the field of long COVID and airways disease. The results from this joint international prioritisation exercise is planned for publication by early 2021.

The rehabilitation working group aims to determine the long-term effects of COVID-19 on physical and psychological functioning, and to develop interventions that help patients recover from the deleterious effects of COVID-19.

The sarcopenia working group aims to determine the role that sarcopenia plays in poor long term outcomes of COVID-19 survivors. It will compare muscle mass, strength and physical functioning in patients who were hospitalised and made either good recoveries or poor recoveries. It will use a range of techniques to determine the drivers of sarcopenia in these patients in order to identify potential therapies.

The fatigue group aims to examine bio-psycho-social predictors of fatigue post COVID-19 infection, at 3, 6 and 12 months prospectively. This will help inform the development of targeted interventions.

Patient and public involvement is an important part of the PHOSP-COVID study.

The PHOSP Charity Group consists of a wide range of charities who work with the PHOSP Executive Board and subject-specific Working Groups to ensure that the patient voice is taken into account at all stages of the study. Charities are participating members of the Working Groups where they provide expertise and can help to ensure research priorities reflect those of patients and the public. As the study progresses, charities will work closely with the PHOSP team to ensure key messages are shared with patients and the public.

The Thoracic Imaging Steering Group aims to develop the infrastructure to a) collect and anonymise chest x-rays and computed tomography imaging and computed tomography reports for patients in PHOSP-COVID and b) then allow linkage of imaging data with separately held clinical data. The Thoracic Imaging Steering Group will also perform baseline quantitative analyses of collected chest imaging, the results of which will have value for other groups in PHOSP-COVID.

The Renal working group aims to determine the long-term effects of COVID-19 infection on:

1. kidney function in patients with previously normal renal function and
2. the general health of patients already living with kidney disease

We will build on preliminary biochemical and radiological findings that suggest that the kidney injury is a common feature of COVID-19. We will also try to design interventions e.g. surveillance of kidney function and rehabilitation strategies in patients affected by COVID-19.

The PHOSP Cardiovascular working group includes experts in cardiovascular research and medicine and related disciplines. The backbone membership and coordination of the group is provided by the NIHR-BHF Cardiovascular Partnership, which brings together cardiovascular researchers from across research centres funded by the British Heart Foundation (BHF) and the National Institute for Health Research (NIHR). The Cardiovascular Partnership has identified a small number of “Covid-19 Cardiovascular Disease Flagship Projects”, some of which are embedded within the PHOSP core workplan.

The metabolic working group aims to determine why those with diabetes are at increased risk of mortality and severe COVID-19 infection. The group will design and undertake analyses from the PHOSP COVID database but also incorporate ongoing analyses from large national databases, where appropriate.

This working group aims to quantify and then characterise the extent and severity of the consequences of Covid on lung and systemic vasculature. In particular, COVID is known to result in thrombosis during the acute illness, but we do not know whether this will result in chronic thromboembolic complications. We shall use primarily physiology and imaging to assess the long-term effects of COVID on the circulation. Results from an early analysis of data will inform decisions regarding further integration with biobanked samples. We also aim to set up a randomised study of anticoagulation for incidental pulmonary embolism at follow up where equipoise exists regarding therapy.

The Lung Fibrosis working group will describe the incidence of interstitial lung disease (ILD)/ lung fibrosis in survivors of COVID-19 following hospitalisation and the impact of post-COVID-19 ILD on physiology, function, and quality of life. The group will define resolving and progressing phenotypes and determine the predictors of outcome. Using various techniques, we will determine the key drivers of ILD in these patients to identify potential therapies.

The PHOSP Brain Working Group brings together a wide range of researchers, clinicians and charities who want to investigate the long term effects of COVID on mental, cognitive and neurological health – and to explore how these effects are related to individual patient characteristics and whole body health. The core membership and coordination of this group are provided by the NIHR Mental Health and Dementia Translational Research Collaborations, which bring together leading experts, research infrastructure and facilities from across the UK. We will study patient reported symptoms, assess cognitive function and use brain imaging techniques including MRI. Our objective is to identify factors that relate to longer term problems, identify the mechanisms involved and then to develop interventions and treatments that improve patient outcomes.

The PHOSP-COVID Intensive Care working group aims to investigate and quantify the long-term outcomes in patients with severe COVID-19 infection admitted to critical care. The group will build on preliminary findings from the first wave of the pandemic that patients have a higher relative mortality than other ICU conditions, and increased risk of readmission and healthcare costs. We will also investigate mechanisms behind the findings that patients from Black, Asian and minority ethnic (BAME) populations and lower socioeconomic status are over-represented, compared to similar cohorts with non-COVID critical illness. Working with an multidisciplinary research team and ICU patient representatives, we will try to understand mechanisms determining differing trajectories of recovery also try to design interventions e.g. rehabilitation strategies and therapeutic interventions to improve the severity of post-ICU symptoms in this group.

Who are the PHOSP-COVID Airways Disease group?

PHOSP-COVID is a UK research consortium funded by the government to explore the short to long term sequelae of COVID-19 in people who were hospitalised. It aims to build an integrated clinical and research pathway to tackle persisting symptoms in those who have been in hospital with COVID. The Airways Disease group is a group of experts with skills and track record in airways disease, health informatics and clinical research. They represent centres across the UK caring for patients with long COVID.

What is long COVID?

Long COVID is a collection of symptoms affecting multiple body systems and functions including breathing, mental health, joints and skin, often accompanied by fatigue or reduced energy levels which are experienced by some after suffering acute COVID illness.

Research priorities in long COVID and airways disease

To better understand where research on long COVID and airways disease should focus, the PHOSP-COVID Airways Disease group in partnership with Asthma UK and the British Lung Foundation have received around 300 proposed research questions from over 50 international experts in airways disease and COVID. The group is now collating and refining these questions, which will then go through a process to select the top priority research projects. The views of people with newly diagnosed or pre-existing airway diseases will be incorporated by running a parallel exercise involving patients. The combined results will then inform funders and healthcare researchers on the most pressing research questions in the field of long COVID and airways disease. The results from this joint international prioritisation exercise is planned for publication by early 2021.

The rehabilitation working group aims to determine the long-term effects of COVID-19 on physical and psychological functioning, and to develop interventions that help patients recover from the deleterious effects of COVID-19.

The sarcopenia working group aims to determine the role that sarcopenia plays in poor long term outcomes of COVID-19 survivors. It will compare muscle mass, strength and physical functioning in patients who were hospitalised and made either good recoveries or poor recoveries. It will use a range of techniques to determine the drivers of sarcopenia in these patients in order to identify potential therapies.

The fatigue group aims to examine bio-psycho-social predictors of fatigue post COVID-19 infection, at 3, 6 and 12 months prospectively. This will help inform the development of targeted interventions.

Patient and public involvement is an important part of the PHOSP-COVID study.

The PHOSP Charity Group consists of a wide range of charities who work with the PHOSP Executive Board and subject-specific Working Groups to ensure that the patient voice is taken into account at all stages of the study. Charities are participating members of the Working Groups where they provide expertise and can help to ensure research priorities reflect those of patients and the public. As the study progresses, charities will work closely with the PHOSP team to ensure key messages are shared with patients and the public.

The Thoracic Imaging Steering Group aims to develop the infrastructure to a) collect and anonymise chest x-rays and computed tomography imaging and computed tomography reports for patients in PHOSP-COVID and b) then allow linkage of imaging data with separately held clinical data. The Thoracic Imaging Steering Group will also perform baseline quantitative analyses of collected chest imaging, the results of which will have value for other groups in PHOSP-COVID.

The Renal working group aims to determine the long-term effects of COVID-19 infection on:

1. kidney function in patients with previously normal renal function and
2. the general health of patients already living with kidney disease

We will build on preliminary biochemical and radiological findings that suggest that the kidney injury is a common feature of COVID-19. We will also try to design interventions e.g. surveillance of kidney function and rehabilitation strategies in patients affected by COVID-19.

The PHOSP Cardiovascular working group includes experts in cardiovascular research and medicine and related disciplines. The backbone membership and coordination of the group is provided by the NIHR-BHF Cardiovascular Partnership, which brings together cardiovascular researchers from across research centres funded by the British Heart Foundation (BHF) and the National Institute for Health Research (NIHR). The Cardiovascular Partnership has identified a small number of “Covid-19 Cardiovascular Disease Flagship Projects”, some of which are embedded within the PHOSP core workplan.

The metabolic working group aims to determine why those with diabetes are at increased risk of mortality and severe COVID-19 infection. The group will design and undertake analyses from the PHOSP COVID database but also incorporate ongoing analyses from large national databases, where appropriate.

This working group aims to quantify and then characterise the extent and severity of the consequences of Covid on lung and systemic vasculature. In particular, COVID is known to result in thrombosis during the acute illness, but we do not know whether this will result in chronic thromboembolic complications. We shall use primarily physiology and imaging to assess the long-term effects of COVID on the circulation. Results from an early analysis of data will inform decisions regarding further integration with biobanked samples. We also aim to set up a randomised study of anticoagulation for incidental pulmonary embolism at follow up where equipoise exists regarding therapy.

The Lung Fibrosis working group will describe the incidence of interstitial lung disease (ILD)/ lung fibrosis in survivors of COVID-19 following hospitalisation and the impact of post-COVID-19 ILD on physiology, function, and quality of life. The group will define resolving and progressing phenotypes and determine the predictors of outcome. Using various techniques, we will determine the key drivers of ILD in these patients to identify potential therapies.

The PHOSP Brain Working Group brings together a wide range of researchers, clinicians and charities who want to investigate the long term effects of COVID on mental, cognitive and neurological health – and to explore how these effects are related to individual patient characteristics and whole body health. The core membership and coordination of this group are provided by the NIHR Mental Health and Dementia Translational Research Collaborations, which bring together leading experts, research infrastructure and facilities from across the UK. We will study patient reported symptoms, assess cognitive function and use brain imaging techniques including MRI. Our objective is to identify factors that relate to longer term problems, identify the mechanisms involved and then to develop interventions and treatments that improve patient outcomes.

The PHOSP-COVID Intensive Care working group aims to investigate and quantify the long-term outcomes in patients with severe COVID-19 infection admitted to critical care. The group will build on preliminary findings from the first wave of the pandemic that patients have a higher relative mortality than other ICU conditions, and increased risk of readmission and healthcare costs. We will also investigate mechanisms behind the findings that patients from Black, Asian and minority ethnic (BAME) populations and lower socioeconomic status are over-represented, compared to similar cohorts with non-COVID critical illness. Working with an multidisciplinary research team and ICU patient representatives, we will try to understand mechanisms determining differing trajectories of recovery also try to design interventions e.g. rehabilitation strategies and therapeutic interventions to improve the severity of post-ICU symptoms in this group.

Who are the PHOSP-COVID Airways Disease group?

PHOSP-COVID is a UK research consortium funded by the government to explore the short to long term sequelae of COVID-19 in people who were hospitalised. It aims to build an integrated clinical and research pathway to tackle persisting symptoms in those who have been in hospital with COVID. The Airways Disease group is a group of experts with skills and track record in airways disease, health informatics and clinical research. They represent centres across the UK caring for patients with long COVID.

What is long COVID?

Long COVID is a collection of symptoms affecting multiple body systems and functions including breathing, mental health, joints and skin, often accompanied by fatigue or reduced energy levels which are experienced by some after suffering acute COVID illness.

Research priorities in long COVID and airways disease

To better understand where research on long COVID and airways disease should focus, the PHOSP-COVID Airways Disease group in partnership with Asthma UK and the British Lung Foundation have received around 300 proposed research questions from over 50 international experts in airways disease and COVID. The group is now collating and refining these questions, which will then go through a process to select the top priority research projects. The views of people with newly diagnosed or pre-existing airway diseases will be incorporated by running a parallel exercise involving patients. The combined results will then inform funders and healthcare researchers on the most pressing research questions in the field of long COVID and airways disease. The results from this joint international prioritisation exercise is planned for publication by early 2021.

The rehabilitation working group aims to determine the long-term effects of COVID-19 on physical and psychological functioning, and to develop interventions that help patients recover from the deleterious effects of COVID-19.

The sarcopenia working group aims to determine the role that sarcopenia plays in poor long term outcomes of COVID-19 survivors. It will compare muscle mass, strength and physical functioning in patients who were hospitalised and made either good recoveries or poor recoveries. It will use a range of techniques to determine the drivers of sarcopenia in these patients in order to identify potential therapies.

The fatigue group aims to examine bio-psycho-social predictors of fatigue post COVID-19 infection, at 3, 6 and 12 months prospectively. This will help inform the development of targeted interventions.

Patient and public involvement is an important part of the PHOSP-COVID study.

The PHOSP Charity Group consists of a wide range of charities who work with the PHOSP Executive Board and subject-specific Working Groups to ensure that the patient voice is taken into account at all stages of the study. Charities are participating members of the Working Groups where they provide expertise and can help to ensure research priorities reflect those of patients and the public. As the study progresses, charities will work closely with the PHOSP team to ensure key messages are shared with patients and the public.

The Thoracic Imaging Steering Group aims to develop the infrastructure to a) collect and anonymise chest x-rays and computed tomography imaging and computed tomography reports for patients in PHOSP-COVID and b) then allow linkage of imaging data with separately held clinical data. The Thoracic Imaging Steering Group will also perform baseline quantitative analyses of collected chest imaging, the results of which will have value for other groups in PHOSP-COVID.

The Renal working group aims to determine the long-term effects of COVID-19 infection on:

1. kidney function in patients with previously normal renal function and
2. the general health of patients already living with kidney disease

We will build on preliminary biochemical and radiological findings that suggest that the kidney injury is a common feature of COVID-19. We will also try to design interventions e.g. surveillance of kidney function and rehabilitation strategies in patients affected by COVID-19.

The PHOSP Cardiovascular working group includes experts in cardiovascular research and medicine and related disciplines. The backbone membership and coordination of the group is provided by the NIHR-BHF Cardiovascular Partnership, which brings together cardiovascular researchers from across research centres funded by the British Heart Foundation (BHF) and the National Institute for Health Research (NIHR). The Cardiovascular Partnership has identified a small number of “Covid-19 Cardiovascular Disease Flagship Projects”, some of which are embedded within the PHOSP core workplan.

The metabolic working group aims to determine why those with diabetes are at increased risk of mortality and severe COVID-19 infection. The group will design and undertake analyses from the PHOSP COVID database but also incorporate ongoing analyses from large national databases, where appropriate.

This working group aims to quantify and then characterise the extent and severity of the consequences of Covid on lung and systemic vasculature. In particular, COVID is known to result in thrombosis during the acute illness, but we do not know whether this will result in chronic thromboembolic complications. We shall use primarily physiology and imaging to assess the long-term effects of COVID on the circulation. Results from an early analysis of data will inform decisions regarding further integration with biobanked samples. We also aim to set up a randomised study of anticoagulation for incidental pulmonary embolism at follow up where equipoise exists regarding therapy.

The Lung Fibrosis working group will describe the incidence of interstitial lung disease (ILD)/ lung fibrosis in survivors of COVID-19 following hospitalisation and the impact of post-COVID-19 ILD on physiology, function, and quality of life. The group will define resolving and progressing phenotypes and determine the predictors of outcome. Using various techniques, we will determine the key drivers of ILD in these patients to identify potential therapies.

The PHOSP Brain Working Group brings together a wide range of researchers, clinicians and charities who want to investigate the long term effects of COVID on mental, cognitive and neurological health – and to explore how these effects are related to individual patient characteristics and whole body health. The core membership and coordination of this group are provided by the NIHR Mental Health and Dementia Translational Research Collaborations, which bring together leading experts, research infrastructure and facilities from across the UK. We will study patient reported symptoms, assess cognitive function and use brain imaging techniques including MRI. Our objective is to identify factors that relate to longer term problems, identify the mechanisms involved and then to develop interventions and treatments that improve patient outcomes.

The PHOSP-COVID Intensive Care working group aims to investigate and quantify the long-term outcomes in patients with severe COVID-19 infection admitted to critical care. The group will build on preliminary findings from the first wave of the pandemic that patients have a higher relative mortality than other ICU conditions, and increased risk of readmission and healthcare costs. We will also investigate mechanisms behind the findings that patients from Black, Asian and minority ethnic (BAME) populations and lower socioeconomic status are over-represented, compared to similar cohorts with non-COVID critical illness. Working with an multidisciplinary research team and ICU patient representatives, we will try to understand mechanisms determining differing trajectories of recovery also try to design interventions e.g. rehabilitation strategies and therapeutic interventions to improve the severity of post-ICU symptoms in this group.

Who are the PHOSP-COVID Airways Disease group?

PHOSP-COVID is a UK research consortium funded by the government to explore the short to long term sequelae of COVID-19 in people who were hospitalised. It aims to build an integrated clinical and research pathway to tackle persisting symptoms in those who have been in hospital with COVID. The Airways Disease group is a group of experts with skills and track record in airways disease, health informatics and clinical research. They represent centres across the UK caring for patients with long COVID.

What is long COVID?

Long COVID is a collection of symptoms affecting multiple body systems and functions including breathing, mental health, joints and skin, often accompanied by fatigue or reduced energy levels which are experienced by some after suffering acute COVID illness.

Research priorities in long COVID and airways disease

To better understand where research on long COVID and airways disease should focus, the PHOSP-COVID Airways Disease group in partnership with Asthma UK and the British Lung Foundation have received around 300 proposed research questions from over 50 international experts in airways disease and COVID. The group is now collating and refining these questions, which will then go through a process to select the top priority research projects. The views of people with newly diagnosed or pre-existing airway diseases will be incorporated by running a parallel exercise involving patients. The combined results will then inform funders and healthcare researchers on the most pressing research questions in the field of long COVID and airways disease. The results from this joint international prioritisation exercise is planned for publication by early 2021.

The rehabilitation working group aims to determine the long-term effects of COVID-19 on physical and psychological functioning, and to develop interventions that help patients recover from the deleterious effects of COVID-19.

The sarcopenia working group aims to determine the role that sarcopenia plays in poor long term outcomes of COVID-19 survivors. It will compare muscle mass, strength and physical functioning in patients who were hospitalised and made either good recoveries or poor recoveries. It will use a range of techniques to determine the drivers of sarcopenia in these patients in order to identify potential therapies.

The fatigue group aims to examine bio-psycho-social predictors of fatigue post COVID-19 infection, at 3, 6 and 12 months prospectively. This will help inform the development of targeted interventions.

Patient and public involvement is an important part of the PHOSP-COVID study.

The PHOSP Charity Group consists of a wide range of charities who work with the PHOSP Executive Board and subject-specific Working Groups to ensure that the patient voice is taken into account at all stages of the study. Charities are participating members of the Working Groups where they provide expertise and can help to ensure research priorities reflect those of patients and the public. As the study progresses, charities will work closely with the PHOSP team to ensure key messages are shared with patients and the public.

The Thoracic Imaging Steering Group aims to develop the infrastructure to a) collect and anonymise chest x-rays and computed tomography imaging and computed tomography reports for patients in PHOSP-COVID and b) then allow linkage of imaging data with separately held clinical data. The Thoracic Imaging Steering Group will also perform baseline quantitative analyses of collected chest imaging, the results of which will have value for other groups in PHOSP-COVID.

The Renal working group aims to determine the long-term effects of COVID-19 infection on:

1. kidney function in patients with previously normal renal function and
2. the general health of patients already living with kidney disease

We will build on preliminary biochemical and radiological findings that suggest that the kidney injury is a common feature of COVID-19. We will also try to design interventions e.g. surveillance of kidney function and rehabilitation strategies in patients affected by COVID-19.

The PHOSP Cardiovascular working group includes experts in cardiovascular research and medicine and related disciplines. The backbone membership and coordination of the group is provided by the NIHR-BHF Cardiovascular Partnership, which brings together cardiovascular researchers from across research centres funded by the British Heart Foundation (BHF) and the National Institute for Health Research (NIHR). The Cardiovascular Partnership has identified a small number of “Covid-19 Cardiovascular Disease Flagship Projects”, some of which are embedded within the PHOSP core workplan.

The metabolic working group aims to determine why those with diabetes are at increased risk of mortality and severe COVID-19 infection. The group will design and undertake analyses from the PHOSP COVID database but also incorporate ongoing analyses from large national databases, where appropriate.

This working group aims to quantify and then characterise the extent and severity of the consequences of Covid on lung and systemic vasculature. In particular, COVID is known to result in thrombosis during the acute illness, but we do not know whether this will result in chronic thromboembolic complications. We shall use primarily physiology and imaging to assess the long-term effects of COVID on the circulation. Results from an early analysis of data will inform decisions regarding further integration with biobanked samples. We also aim to set up a randomised study of anticoagulation for incidental pulmonary embolism at follow up where equipoise exists regarding therapy.

The Lung Fibrosis working group will describe the incidence of interstitial lung disease (ILD)/ lung fibrosis in survivors of COVID-19 following hospitalisation and the impact of post-COVID-19 ILD on physiology, function, and quality of life. The group will define resolving and progressing phenotypes and determine the predictors of outcome. Using various techniques, we will determine the key drivers of ILD in these patients to identify potential therapies.

The PHOSP Brain Working Group brings together a wide range of researchers, clinicians and charities who want to investigate the long term effects of COVID on mental, cognitive and neurological health – and to explore how these effects are related to individual patient characteristics and whole body health. The core membership and coordination of this group are provided by the NIHR Mental Health and Dementia Translational Research Collaborations, which bring together leading experts, research infrastructure and facilities from across the UK. We will study patient reported symptoms, assess cognitive function and use brain imaging techniques including MRI. Our objective is to identify factors that relate to longer term problems, identify the mechanisms involved and then to develop interventions and treatments that improve patient outcomes.

The PHOSP-COVID Intensive Care working group aims to investigate and quantify the long-term outcomes in patients with severe COVID-19 infection admitted to critical care. The group will build on preliminary findings from the first wave of the pandemic that patients have a higher relative mortality than other ICU conditions, and increased risk of readmission and healthcare costs. We will also investigate mechanisms behind the findings that patients from Black, Asian and minority ethnic (BAME) populations and lower socioeconomic status are over-represented, compared to similar cohorts with non-COVID critical illness. Working with an multidisciplinary research team and ICU patient representatives, we will try to understand mechanisms determining differing trajectories of recovery also try to design interventions e.g. rehabilitation strategies and therapeutic interventions to improve the severity of post-ICU symptoms in this group.

Who are the PHOSP-COVID Airways Disease group?

PHOSP-COVID is a UK research consortium funded by the government to explore the short to long term sequelae of COVID-19 in people who were hospitalised. It aims to build an integrated clinical and research pathway to tackle persisting symptoms in those who have been in hospital with COVID. The Airways Disease group is a group of experts with skills and track record in airways disease, health informatics and clinical research. They represent centres across the UK caring for patients with long COVID.

What is long COVID?

Long COVID is a collection of symptoms affecting multiple body systems and functions including breathing, mental health, joints and skin, often accompanied by fatigue or reduced energy levels which are experienced by some after suffering acute COVID illness.

Research priorities in long COVID and airways disease

To better understand where research on long COVID and airways disease should focus, the PHOSP-COVID Airways Disease group in partnership with Asthma UK and the British Lung Foundation have received around 300 proposed research questions from over 50 international experts in airways disease and COVID. The group is now collating and refining these questions, which will then go through a process to select the top priority research projects. The views of people with newly diagnosed or pre-existing airway diseases will be incorporated by running a parallel exercise involving patients. The combined results will then inform funders and healthcare researchers on the most pressing research questions in the field of long COVID and airways disease. The results from this joint international prioritisation exercise is planned for publication by early 2021.

The rehabilitation working group aims to determine the long-term effects of COVID-19 on physical and psychological functioning, and to develop interventions that help patients recover from the deleterious effects of COVID-19.

The sarcopenia working group aims to determine the role that sarcopenia plays in poor long term outcomes of COVID-19 survivors. It will compare muscle mass, strength and physical functioning in patients who were hospitalised and made either good recoveries or poor recoveries. It will use a range of techniques to determine the drivers of sarcopenia in these patients in order to identify potential therapies.

The fatigue group aims to examine bio-psycho-social predictors of fatigue post COVID-19 infection, at 3, 6 and 12 months prospectively. This will help inform the development of targeted interventions.

Patient and public involvement is an important part of the PHOSP-COVID study.

The PHOSP Charity Group consists of a wide range of charities who work with the PHOSP Executive Board and subject-specific Working Groups to ensure that the patient voice is taken into account at all stages of the study. Charities are participating members of the Working Groups where they provide expertise and can help to ensure research priorities reflect those of patients and the public. As the study progresses, charities will work closely with the PHOSP team to ensure key messages are shared with patients and the public.

The Thoracic Imaging Steering Group aims to develop the infrastructure to a) collect and anonymise chest x-rays and computed tomography imaging and computed tomography reports for patients in PHOSP-COVID and b) then allow linkage of imaging data with separately held clinical data. The Thoracic Imaging Steering Group will also perform baseline quantitative analyses of collected chest imaging, the results of which will have value for other groups in PHOSP-COVID.

The Renal working group aims to determine the long-term effects of COVID-19 infection on:

1. kidney function in patients with previously normal renal function and
2. the general health of patients already living with kidney disease

We will build on preliminary biochemical and radiological findings that suggest that the kidney injury is a common feature of COVID-19. We will also try to design interventions e.g. surveillance of kidney function and rehabilitation strategies in patients affected by COVID-19.

The PHOSP Cardiovascular working group includes experts in cardiovascular research and medicine and related disciplines. The backbone membership and coordination of the group is provided by the NIHR-BHF Cardiovascular Partnership, which brings together cardiovascular researchers from across research centres funded by the British Heart Foundation (BHF) and the National Institute for Health Research (NIHR). The Cardiovascular Partnership has identified a small number of “Covid-19 Cardiovascular Disease Flagship Projects”, some of which are embedded within the PHOSP core workplan.

The metabolic working group aims to determine why those with diabetes are at increased risk of mortality and severe COVID-19 infection. The group will design and undertake analyses from the PHOSP COVID database but also incorporate ongoing analyses from large national databases, where appropriate.

This working group aims to quantify and then characterise the extent and severity of the consequences of Covid on lung and systemic vasculature. In particular, COVID is known to result in thrombosis during the acute illness, but we do not know whether this will result in chronic thromboembolic complications. We shall use primarily physiology and imaging to assess the long-term effects of COVID on the circulation. Results from an early analysis of data will inform decisions regarding further integration with biobanked samples. We also aim to set up a randomised study of anticoagulation for incidental pulmonary embolism at follow up where equipoise exists regarding therapy.

The Lung Fibrosis working group will describe the incidence of interstitial lung disease (ILD)/ lung fibrosis in survivors of COVID-19 following hospitalisation and the impact of post-COVID-19 ILD on physiology, function, and quality of life. The group will define resolving and progressing phenotypes and determine the predictors of outcome. Using various techniques, we will determine the key drivers of ILD in these patients to identify potential therapies.

The PHOSP Brain Working Group brings together a wide range of researchers, clinicians and charities who want to investigate the long term effects of COVID on mental, cognitive and neurological health – and to explore how these effects are related to individual patient characteristics and whole body health. The core membership and coordination of this group are provided by the NIHR Mental Health and Dementia Translational Research Collaborations, which bring together leading experts, research infrastructure and facilities from across the UK. We will study patient reported symptoms, assess cognitive function and use brain imaging techniques including MRI. Our objective is to identify factors that relate to longer term problems, identify the mechanisms involved and then to develop interventions and treatments that improve patient outcomes.

The PHOSP-COVID Intensive Care working group aims to investigate and quantify the long-term outcomes in patients with severe COVID-19 infection admitted to critical care. The group will build on preliminary findings from the first wave of the pandemic that patients have a higher relative mortality than other ICU conditions, and increased risk of readmission and healthcare costs. We will also investigate mechanisms behind the findings that patients from Black, Asian and minority ethnic (BAME) populations and lower socioeconomic status are over-represented, compared to similar cohorts with non-COVID critical illness. Working with an multidisciplinary research team and ICU patient representatives, we will try to understand mechanisms determining differing trajectories of recovery also try to design interventions e.g. rehabilitation strategies and therapeutic interventions to improve the severity of post-ICU symptoms in this group.

Who are the PHOSP-COVID Airways Disease group?

PHOSP-COVID is a UK research consortium funded by the government to explore the short to long term sequelae of COVID-19 in people who were hospitalised. It aims to build an integrated clinical and research pathway to tackle persisting symptoms in those who have been in hospital with COVID. The Airways Disease group is a group of experts with skills and track record in airways disease, health informatics and clinical research. They represent centres across the UK caring for patients with long COVID.

What is long COVID?

Long COVID is a collection of symptoms affecting multiple body systems and functions including breathing, mental health, joints and skin, often accompanied by fatigue or reduced energy levels which are experienced by some after suffering acute COVID illness.

Research priorities in long COVID and airways disease

To better understand where research on long COVID and airways disease should focus, the PHOSP-COVID Airways Disease group in partnership with Asthma UK and the British Lung Foundation have received around 300 proposed research questions from over 50 international experts in airways disease and COVID. The group is now collating and refining these questions, which will then go through a process to select the top priority research projects. The views of people with newly diagnosed or pre-existing airway diseases will be incorporated by running a parallel exercise involving patients. The combined results will then inform funders and healthcare researchers on the most pressing research questions in the field of long COVID and airways disease. The results from this joint international prioritisation exercise is planned for publication by early 2021.

The rehabilitation working group aims to determine the long-term effects of COVID-19 on physical and psychological functioning, and to develop interventions that help patients recover from the deleterious effects of COVID-19.

The sarcopenia working group aims to determine the role that sarcopenia plays in poor long term outcomes of COVID-19 survivors. It will compare muscle mass, strength and physical functioning in patients who were hospitalised and made either good recoveries or poor recoveries. It will use a range of techniques to determine the drivers of sarcopenia in these patients in order to identify potential therapies.

The fatigue group aims to examine bio-psycho-social predictors of fatigue post COVID-19 infection, at 3, 6 and 12 months prospectively. This will help inform the development of targeted interventions.

Patient and public involvement is an important part of the PHOSP-COVID study.

The PHOSP Charity Group consists of a wide range of charities who work with the PHOSP Executive Board and subject-specific Working Groups to ensure that the patient voice is taken into account at all stages of the study. Charities are participating members of the Working Groups where they provide expertise and can help to ensure research priorities reflect those of patients and the public. As the study progresses, charities will work closely with the PHOSP team to ensure key messages are shared with patients and the public.

The Thoracic Imaging Steering Group aims to develop the infrastructure to a) collect and anonymise chest x-rays and computed tomography imaging and computed tomography reports for patients in PHOSP-COVID and b) then allow linkage of imaging data with separately held clinical data. The Thoracic Imaging Steering Group will also perform baseline quantitative analyses of collected chest imaging, the results of which will have value for other groups in PHOSP-COVID.

The Renal working group aims to determine the long-term effects of COVID-19 infection on:

1. kidney function in patients with previously normal renal function and
2. the general health of patients already living with kidney disease

We will build on preliminary biochemical and radiological findings that suggest that the kidney injury is a common feature of COVID-19. We will also try to design interventions e.g. surveillance of kidney function and rehabilitation strategies in patients affected by COVID-19.

The PHOSP Cardiovascular working group includes experts in cardiovascular research and medicine and related disciplines. The backbone membership and coordination of the group is provided by the NIHR-BHF Cardiovascular Partnership, which brings together cardiovascular researchers from across research centres funded by the British Heart Foundation (BHF) and the National Institute for Health Research (NIHR). The Cardiovascular Partnership has identified a small number of “Covid-19 Cardiovascular Disease Flagship Projects”, some of which are embedded within the PHOSP core workplan.

The metabolic working group aims to determine why those with diabetes are at increased risk of mortality and severe COVID-19 infection. The group will design and undertake analyses from the PHOSP COVID database but also incorporate ongoing analyses from large national databases, where appropriate.

This working group aims to quantify and then characterise the extent and severity of the consequences of Covid on lung and systemic vasculature. In particular, COVID is known to result in thrombosis during the acute illness, but we do not know whether this will result in chronic thromboembolic complications. We shall use primarily physiology and imaging to assess the long-term effects of COVID on the circulation. Results from an early analysis of data will inform decisions regarding further integration with biobanked samples. We also aim to set up a randomised study of anticoagulation for incidental pulmonary embolism at follow up where equipoise exists regarding therapy.

The Lung Fibrosis working group will describe the incidence of interstitial lung disease (ILD)/ lung fibrosis in survivors of COVID-19 following hospitalisation and the impact of post-COVID-19 ILD on physiology, function, and quality of life. The group will define resolving and progressing phenotypes and determine the predictors of outcome. Using various techniques, we will determine the key drivers of ILD in these patients to identify potential therapies.

The PHOSP Brain Working Group brings together a wide range of researchers, clinicians and charities who want to investigate the long term effects of COVID on mental, cognitive and neurological health – and to explore how these effects are related to individual patient characteristics and whole body health. The core membership and coordination of this group are provided by the NIHR Mental Health and Dementia Translational Research Collaborations, which bring together leading experts, research infrastructure and facilities from across the UK. We will study patient reported symptoms, assess cognitive function and use brain imaging techniques including MRI. Our objective is to identify factors that relate to longer term problems, identify the mechanisms involved and then to develop interventions and treatments that improve patient outcomes.

The PHOSP-COVID Intensive Care working group aims to investigate and quantify the long-term outcomes in patients with severe COVID-19 infection admitted to critical care. The group will build on preliminary findings from the first wave of the pandemic that patients have a higher relative mortality than other ICU conditions, and increased risk of readmission and healthcare costs. We will also investigate mechanisms behind the findings that patients from Black, Asian and minority ethnic (BAME) populations and lower socioeconomic status are over-represented, compared to similar cohorts with non-COVID critical illness. Working with an multidisciplinary research team and ICU patient representatives, we will try to understand mechanisms determining differing trajectories of recovery also try to design interventions e.g. rehabilitation strategies and therapeutic interventions to improve the severity of post-ICU symptoms in this group.

Who are the PHOSP-COVID Airways Disease group?

PHOSP-COVID is a UK research consortium funded by the government to explore the short to long term sequelae of COVID-19 in people who were hospitalised. It aims to build an integrated clinical and research pathway to tackle persisting symptoms in those who have been in hospital with COVID. The Airways Disease group is a group of experts with skills and track record in airways disease, health informatics and clinical research. They represent centres across the UK caring for patients with long COVID.

What is long COVID?

Long COVID is a collection of symptoms affecting multiple body systems and functions including breathing, mental health, joints and skin, often accompanied by fatigue or reduced energy levels which are experienced by some after suffering acute COVID illness.

Research priorities in long COVID and airways disease

To better understand where research on long COVID and airways disease should focus, the PHOSP-COVID Airways Disease group in partnership with Asthma UK and the British Lung Foundation have received around 300 proposed research questions from over 50 international experts in airways disease and COVID. The group is now collating and refining these questions, which will then go through a process to select the top priority research projects. The views of people with newly diagnosed or pre-existing airway diseases will be incorporated by running a parallel exercise involving patients. The combined results will then inform funders and healthcare researchers on the most pressing research questions in the field of long COVID and airways disease. The results from this joint international prioritisation exercise is planned for publication by early 2021.

The rehabilitation working group aims to determine the long-term effects of COVID-19 on physical and psychological functioning, and to develop interventions that help patients recover from the deleterious effects of COVID-19.

The sarcopenia working group aims to determine the role that sarcopenia plays in poor long term outcomes of COVID-19 survivors. It will compare muscle mass, strength and physical functioning in patients who were hospitalised and made either good recoveries or poor recoveries. It will use a range of techniques to determine the drivers of sarcopenia in these patients in order to identify potential therapies.

The fatigue group aims to examine bio-psycho-social predictors of fatigue post COVID-19 infection, at 3, 6 and 12 months prospectively. This will help inform the development of targeted interventions.

Patient and public involvement is an important part of the PHOSP-COVID study.

The PHOSP Charity Group consists of a wide range of charities who work with the PHOSP Executive Board and subject-specific Working Groups to ensure that the patient voice is taken into account at all stages of the study. Charities are participating members of the Working Groups where they provide expertise and can help to ensure research priorities reflect those of patients and the public. As the study progresses, charities will work closely with the PHOSP team to ensure key messages are shared with patients and the public.

The Thoracic Imaging Steering Group aims to develop the infrastructure to a) collect and anonymise chest x-rays and computed tomography imaging and computed tomography reports for patients in PHOSP-COVID and b) then allow linkage of imaging data with separately held clinical data. The Thoracic Imaging Steering Group will also perform baseline quantitative analyses of collected chest imaging, the results of which will have value for other groups in PHOSP-COVID.

The Renal working group aims to determine the long-term effects of COVID-19 infection on:

1. kidney function in patients with previously normal renal function and
2. the general health of patients already living with kidney disease

We will build on preliminary biochemical and radiological findings that suggest that the kidney injury is a common feature of COVID-19. We will also try to design interventions e.g. surveillance of kidney function and rehabilitation strategies in patients affected by COVID-19.

The PHOSP Cardiovascular working group includes experts in cardiovascular research and medicine and related disciplines. The backbone membership and coordination of the group is provided by the NIHR-BHF Cardiovascular Partnership, which brings together cardiovascular researchers from across research centres funded by the British Heart Foundation (BHF) and the National Institute for Health Research (NIHR). The Cardiovascular Partnership has identified a small number of “Covid-19 Cardiovascular Disease Flagship Projects”, some of which are embedded within the PHOSP core workplan.

The metabolic working group aims to determine why those with diabetes are at increased risk of mortality and severe COVID-19 infection. The group will design and undertake analyses from the PHOSP COVID database but also incorporate ongoing analyses from large national databases, where appropriate.

This working group aims to quantify and then characterise the extent and severity of the consequences of Covid on lung and systemic vasculature. In particular, COVID is known to result in thrombosis during the acute illness, but we do not know whether this will result in chronic thromboembolic complications. We shall use primarily physiology and imaging to assess the long-term effects of COVID on the circulation. Results from an early analysis of data will inform decisions regarding further integration with biobanked samples. We also aim to set up a randomised study of anticoagulation for incidental pulmonary embolism at follow up where equipoise exists regarding therapy.

The Lung Fibrosis working group will describe the incidence of interstitial lung disease (ILD)/ lung fibrosis in survivors of COVID-19 following hospitalisation and the impact of post-COVID-19 ILD on physiology, function, and quality of life. The group will define resolving and progressing phenotypes and determine the predictors of outcome. Using various techniques, we will determine the key drivers of ILD in these patients to identify potential therapies.

The PHOSP Brain Working Group brings together a wide range of researchers, clinicians and charities who want to investigate the long term effects of COVID on mental, cognitive and neurological health – and to explore how these effects are related to individual patient characteristics and whole body health. The core membership and coordination of this group are provided by the NIHR Mental Health and Dementia Translational Research Collaborations, which bring together leading experts, research infrastructure and facilities from across the UK. We will study patient reported symptoms, assess cognitive function and use brain imaging techniques including MRI. Our objective is to identify factors that relate to longer term problems, identify the mechanisms involved and then to develop interventions and treatments that improve patient outcomes.

The PHOSP-COVID Intensive Care working group aims to investigate and quantify the long-term outcomes in patients with severe COVID-19 infection admitted to critical care. The group will build on preliminary findings from the first wave of the pandemic that patients have a higher relative mortality than other ICU conditions, and increased risk of readmission and healthcare costs. We will also investigate mechanisms behind the findings that patients from Black, Asian and minority ethnic (BAME) populations and lower socioeconomic status are over-represented, compared to similar cohorts with non-COVID critical illness. Working with an multidisciplinary research team and ICU patient representatives, we will try to understand mechanisms determining differing trajectories of recovery also try to design interventions e.g. rehabilitation strategies and therapeutic interventions to improve the severity of post-ICU symptoms in this group.

Who are the PHOSP-COVID Airways Disease group?

PHOSP-COVID is a UK research consortium funded by the government to explore the short to long term sequelae of COVID-19 in people who were hospitalised. It aims to build an integrated clinical and research pathway to tackle persisting symptoms in those who have been in hospital with COVID. The Airways Disease group is a group of experts with skills and track record in airways disease, health informatics and clinical research. They represent centres across the UK caring for patients with long COVID.

What is long COVID?

Long COVID is a collection of symptoms affecting multiple body systems and functions including breathing, mental health, joints and skin, often accompanied by fatigue or reduced energy levels which are experienced by some after suffering acute COVID illness.

Research priorities in long COVID and airways disease

To better understand where research on long COVID and airways disease should focus, the PHOSP-COVID Airways Disease group in partnership with Asthma UK and the British Lung Foundation have received around 300 proposed research questions from over 50 international experts in airways disease and COVID. The group is now collating and refining these questions, which will then go through a process to select the top priority research projects. The views of people with newly diagnosed or pre-existing airway diseases will be incorporated by running a parallel exercise involving patients. The combined results will then inform funders and healthcare researchers on the most pressing research questions in the field of long COVID and airways disease. The results from this joint international prioritisation exercise is planned for publication by early 2021.

The rehabilitation working group aims to determine the long-term effects of COVID-19 on physical and psychological functioning, and to develop interventions that help patients recover from the deleterious effects of COVID-19.

The sarcopenia working group aims to determine the role that sarcopenia plays in poor long term outcomes of COVID-19 survivors. It will compare muscle mass, strength and physical functioning in patients who were hospitalised and made either good recoveries or poor recoveries. It will use a range of techniques to determine the drivers of sarcopenia in these patients in order to identify potential therapies.

The fatigue group aims to examine bio-psycho-social predictors of fatigue post COVID-19 infection, at 3, 6 and 12 months prospectively. This will help inform the development of targeted interventions.

Patient and public involvement is an important part of the PHOSP-COVID study.

The PHOSP Charity Group consists of a wide range of charities who work with the PHOSP Executive Board and subject-specific Working Groups to ensure that the patient voice is taken into account at all stages of the study. Charities are participating members of the Working Groups where they provide expertise and can help to ensure research priorities reflect those of patients and the public. As the study progresses, charities will work closely with the PHOSP team to ensure key messages are shared with patients and the public.

The Thoracic Imaging Steering Group aims to develop the infrastructure to a) collect and anonymise chest x-rays and computed tomography imaging and computed tomography reports for patients in PHOSP-COVID and b) then allow linkage of imaging data with separately held clinical data. The Thoracic Imaging Steering Group will also perform baseline quantitative analyses of collected chest imaging, the results of which will have value for other groups in PHOSP-COVID.

The Renal working group aims to determine the long-term effects of COVID-19 infection on:

1. kidney function in patients with previously normal renal function and
2. the general health of patients already living with kidney disease

We will build on preliminary biochemical and radiological findings that suggest that the kidney injury is a common feature of COVID-19. We will also try to design interventions e.g. surveillance of kidney function and rehabilitation strategies in patients affected by COVID-19.

The PHOSP Cardiovascular working group includes experts in cardiovascular research and medicine and related disciplines. The backbone membership and coordination of the group is provided by the NIHR-BHF Cardiovascular Partnership, which brings together cardiovascular researchers from across research centres funded by the British Heart Foundation (BHF) and the National Institute for Health Research (NIHR). The Cardiovascular Partnership has identified a small number of “Covid-19 Cardiovascular Disease Flagship Projects”, some of which are embedded within the PHOSP core workplan.

The metabolic working group aims to determine why those with diabetes are at increased risk of mortality and severe COVID-19 infection. The group will design and undertake analyses from the PHOSP COVID database but also incorporate ongoing analyses from large national databases, where appropriate.

This working group aims to quantify and then characterise the extent and severity of the consequences of Covid on lung and systemic vasculature. In particular, COVID is known to result in thrombosis during the acute illness, but we do not know whether this will result in chronic thromboembolic complications. We shall use primarily physiology and imaging to assess the long-term effects of COVID on the circulation. Results from an early analysis of data will inform decisions regarding further integration with biobanked samples. We also aim to set up a randomised study of anticoagulation for incidental pulmonary embolism at follow up where equipoise exists regarding therapy.

The Lung Fibrosis working group will describe the incidence of interstitial lung disease (ILD)/ lung fibrosis in survivors of COVID-19 following hospitalisation and the impact of post-COVID-19 ILD on physiology, function, and quality of life. The group will define resolving and progressing phenotypes and determine the predictors of outcome. Using various techniques, we will determine the key drivers of ILD in these patients to identify potential therapies.

The PHOSP Brain Working Group brings together a wide range of researchers, clinicians and charities who want to investigate the long term effects of COVID on mental, cognitive and neurological health – and to explore how these effects are related to individual patient characteristics and whole body health. The core membership and coordination of this group are provided by the NIHR Mental Health and Dementia Translational Research Collaborations, which bring together leading experts, research infrastructure and facilities from across the UK. We will study patient reported symptoms, assess cognitive function and use brain imaging techniques including MRI. Our objective is to identify factors that relate to longer term problems, identify the mechanisms involved and then to develop interventions and treatments that improve patient outcomes.

The PHOSP-COVID Intensive Care working group aims to investigate and quantify the long-term outcomes in patients with severe COVID-19 infection admitted to critical care. The group will build on preliminary findings from the first wave of the pandemic that patients have a higher relative mortality than other ICU conditions, and increased risk of readmission and healthcare costs. We will also investigate mechanisms behind the findings that patients from Black, Asian and minority ethnic (BAME) populations and lower socioeconomic status are over-represented, compared to similar cohorts with non-COVID critical illness. Working with an multidisciplinary research team and ICU patient representatives, we will try to understand mechanisms determining differing trajectories of recovery also try to design interventions e.g. rehabilitation strategies and therapeutic interventions to improve the severity of post-ICU symptoms in this group.

Who are the PHOSP-COVID Airways Disease group?

PHOSP-COVID is a UK research consortium funded by the government to explore the short to long term sequelae of COVID-19 in people who were hospitalised. It aims to build an integrated clinical and research pathway to tackle persisting symptoms in those who have been in hospital with COVID. The Airways Disease group is a group of experts with skills and track record in airways disease, health informatics and clinical research. They represent centres across the UK caring for patients with long COVID.

What is long COVID?

Long COVID is a collection of symptoms affecting multiple body systems and functions including breathing, mental health, joints and skin, often accompanied by fatigue or reduced energy levels which are experienced by some after suffering acute COVID illness.

Research priorities in long COVID and airways disease

To better understand where research on long COVID and airways disease should focus, the PHOSP-COVID Airways Disease group in partnership with Asthma UK and the British Lung Foundation have received around 300 proposed research questions from over 50 international experts in airways disease and COVID. The group is now collating and refining these questions, which will then go through a process to select the top priority research projects. The views of people with newly diagnosed or pre-existing airway diseases will be incorporated by running a parallel exercise involving patients. The combined results will then inform funders and healthcare researchers on the most pressing research questions in the field of long COVID and airways disease. The results from this joint international prioritisation exercise is planned for publication by early 2021.

The rehabilitation working group aims to determine the long-term effects of COVID-19 on physical and psychological functioning, and to develop interventions that help patients recover from the deleterious effects of COVID-19.

The sarcopenia working group aims to determine the role that sarcopenia plays in poor long term outcomes of COVID-19 survivors. It will compare muscle mass, strength and physical functioning in patients who were hospitalised and made either good recoveries or poor recoveries. It will use a range of techniques to determine the drivers of sarcopenia in these patients in order to identify potential therapies.

The fatigue group aims to examine bio-psycho-social predictors of fatigue post COVID-19 infection, at 3, 6 and 12 months prospectively. This will help inform the development of targeted interventions.

Patient and public involvement is an important part of the PHOSP-COVID study.

The PHOSP Charity Group consists of a wide range of charities who work with the PHOSP Executive Board and subject-specific Working Groups to ensure that the patient voice is taken into account at all stages of the study. Charities are participating members of the Working Groups where they provide expertise and can help to ensure research priorities reflect those of patients and the public. As the study progresses, charities will work closely with the PHOSP team to ensure key messages are shared with patients and the public.

The Thoracic Imaging Steering Group aims to develop the infrastructure to a) collect and anonymise chest x-rays and computed tomography imaging and computed tomography reports for patients in PHOSP-COVID and b) then allow linkage of imaging data with separately held clinical data. The Thoracic Imaging Steering Group will also perform baseline quantitative analyses of collected chest imaging, the results of which will have value for other groups in PHOSP-COVID.

The Renal working group aims to determine the long-term effects of COVID-19 infection on:

1. kidney function in patients with previously normal renal function and
2. the general health of patients already living with kidney disease

We will build on preliminary biochemical and radiological findings that suggest that the kidney injury is a common feature of COVID-19. We will also try to design interventions e.g. surveillance of kidney function and rehabilitation strategies in patients affected by COVID-19.

The PHOSP Cardiovascular working group includes experts in cardiovascular research and medicine and related disciplines. The backbone membership and coordination of the group is provided by the NIHR-BHF Cardiovascular Partnership, which brings together cardiovascular researchers from across research centres funded by the British Heart Foundation (BHF) and the National Institute for Health Research (NIHR). The Cardiovascular Partnership has identified a small number of “Covid-19 Cardiovascular Disease Flagship Projects”, some of which are embedded within the PHOSP core workplan.

The metabolic working group aims to determine why those with diabetes are at increased risk of mortality and severe COVID-19 infection. The group will design and undertake analyses from the PHOSP COVID database but also incorporate ongoing analyses from large national databases, where appropriate.

This working group aims to quantify and then characterise the extent and severity of the consequences of Covid on lung and systemic vasculature. In particular, COVID is known to result in thrombosis during the acute illness, but we do not know whether this will result in chronic thromboembolic complications. We shall use primarily physiology and imaging to assess the long-term effects of COVID on the circulation. Results from an early analysis of data will inform decisions regarding further integration with biobanked samples. We also aim to set up a randomised study of anticoagulation for incidental pulmonary embolism at follow up where equipoise exists regarding therapy.

The Lung Fibrosis working group will describe the incidence of interstitial lung disease (ILD)/ lung fibrosis in survivors of COVID-19 following hospitalisation and the impact of post-COVID-19 ILD on physiology, function, and quality of life. The group will define resolving and progressing phenotypes and determine the predictors of outcome. Using various techniques, we will determine the key drivers of ILD in these patients to identify potential therapies.

The PHOSP Brain Working Group brings together a wide range of researchers, clinicians and charities who want to investigate the long term effects of COVID on mental, cognitive and neurological health – and to explore how these effects are related to individual patient characteristics and whole body health. The core membership and coordination of this group are provided by the NIHR Mental Health and Dementia Translational Research Collaborations, which bring together leading experts, research infrastructure and facilities from across the UK. We will study patient reported symptoms, assess cognitive function and use brain imaging techniques including MRI. Our objective is to identify factors that relate to longer term problems, identify the mechanisms involved and then to develop interventions and treatments that improve patient outcomes.

The PHOSP-COVID Intensive Care working group aims to investigate and quantify the long-term outcomes in patients with severe COVID-19 infection admitted to critical care. The group will build on preliminary findings from the first wave of the pandemic that patients have a higher relative mortality than other ICU conditions, and increased risk of readmission and healthcare costs. We will also investigate mechanisms behind the findings that patients from Black, Asian and minority ethnic (BAME) populations and lower socioeconomic status are over-represented, compared to similar cohorts with non-COVID critical illness. Working with an multidisciplinary research team and ICU patient representatives, we will try to understand mechanisms determining differing trajectories of recovery also try to design interventions e.g. rehabilitation strategies and therapeutic interventions to improve the severity of post-ICU symptoms in this group.

Who are the PHOSP-COVID Airways Disease group?

PHOSP-COVID is a UK research consortium funded by the government to explore the short to long term sequelae of COVID-19 in people who were hospitalised. It aims to build an integrated clinical and research pathway to tackle persisting symptoms in those who have been in hospital with COVID. The Airways Disease group is a group of experts with skills and track record in airways disease, health informatics and clinical research. They represent centres across the UK caring for patients with long COVID.

What is long COVID?

Long COVID is a collection of symptoms affecting multiple body systems and functions including breathing, mental health, joints and skin, often accompanied by fatigue or reduced energy levels which are experienced by some after suffering acute COVID illness.

Research priorities in long COVID and airways disease

To better understand where research on long COVID and airways disease should focus, the PHOSP-COVID Airways Disease group in partnership with Asthma UK and the British Lung Foundation have received around 300 proposed research questions from over 50 international experts in airways disease and COVID. The group is now collating and refining these questions, which will then go through a process to select the top priority research projects. The views of people with newly diagnosed or pre-existing airway diseases will be incorporated by running a parallel exercise involving patients. The combined results will then inform funders and healthcare researchers on the most pressing research questions in the field of long COVID and airways disease. The results from this joint international prioritisation exercise is planned for publication by early 2021.

The rehabilitation working group aims to determine the long-term effects of COVID-19 on physical and psychological functioning, and to develop interventions that help patients recover from the deleterious effects of COVID-19.

The sarcopenia working group aims to determine the role that sarcopenia plays in poor long term outcomes of COVID-19 survivors. It will compare muscle mass, strength and physical functioning in patients who were hospitalised and made either good recoveries or poor recoveries. It will use a range of techniques to determine the drivers of sarcopenia in these patients in order to identify potential therapies.

The fatigue group aims to examine bio-psycho-social predictors of fatigue post COVID-19 infection, at 3, 6 and 12 months prospectively. This will help inform the development of targeted interventions.

Patient and public involvement is an important part of the PHOSP-COVID study.

The PHOSP Charity Group consists of a wide range of charities who work with the PHOSP Executive Board and subject-specific Working Groups to ensure that the patient voice is taken into account at all stages of the study. Charities are participating members of the Working Groups where they provide expertise and can help to ensure research priorities reflect those of patients and the public. As the study progresses, charities will work closely with the PHOSP team to ensure key messages are shared with patients and the public.

The Thoracic Imaging Steering Group aims to develop the infrastructure to a) collect and anonymise chest x-rays and computed tomography imaging and computed tomography reports for patients in PHOSP-COVID and b) then allow linkage of imaging data with separately held clinical data. The Thoracic Imaging Steering Group will also perform baseline quantitative analyses of collected chest imaging, the results of which will have value for other groups in PHOSP-COVID.

The Renal working group aims to determine the long-term effects of COVID-19 infection on:

1. kidney function in patients with previously normal renal function and
2. the general health of patients already living with kidney disease

We will build on preliminary biochemical and radiological findings that suggest that the kidney injury is a common feature of COVID-19. We will also try to design interventions e.g. surveillance of kidney function and rehabilitation strategies in patients affected by COVID-19.

The PHOSP Cardiovascular working group includes experts in cardiovascular research and medicine and related disciplines. The backbone membership and coordination of the group is provided by the NIHR-BHF Cardiovascular Partnership, which brings together cardiovascular researchers from across research centres funded by the British Heart Foundation (BHF) and the National Institute for Health Research (NIHR). The Cardiovascular Partnership has identified a small number of “Covid-19 Cardiovascular Disease Flagship Projects”, some of which are embedded within the PHOSP core workplan.

The metabolic working group aims to determine why those with diabetes are at increased risk of mortality and severe COVID-19 infection. The group will design and undertake analyses from the PHOSP COVID database but also incorporate ongoing analyses from large national databases, where appropriate.

This working group aims to quantify and then characterise the extent and severity of the consequences of Covid on lung and systemic vasculature. In particular, COVID is known to result in thrombosis during the acute illness, but we do not know whether this will result in chronic thromboembolic complications. We shall use primarily physiology and imaging to assess the long-term effects of COVID on the circulation. Results from an early analysis of data will inform decisions regarding further integration with biobanked samples. We also aim to set up a randomised study of anticoagulation for incidental pulmonary embolism at follow up where equipoise exists regarding therapy.

The Lung Fibrosis working group will describe the incidence of interstitial lung disease (ILD)/ lung fibrosis in survivors of COVID-19 following hospitalisation and the impact of post-COVID-19 ILD on physiology, function, and quality of life. The group will define resolving and progressing phenotypes and determine the predictors of outcome. Using various techniques, we will determine the key drivers of ILD in these patients to identify potential therapies.

The PHOSP Brain Working Group brings together a wide range of researchers, clinicians and charities who want to investigate the long term effects of COVID on mental, cognitive and neurological health – and to explore how these effects are related to individual patient characteristics and whole body health. The core membership and coordination of this group are provided by the NIHR Mental Health and Dementia Translational Research Collaborations, which bring together leading experts, research infrastructure and facilities from across the UK. We will study patient reported symptoms, assess cognitive function and use brain imaging techniques including MRI. Our objective is to identify factors that relate to longer term problems, identify the mechanisms involved and then to develop interventions and treatments that improve patient outcomes.

The PHOSP-COVID Intensive Care working group aims to investigate and quantify the long-term outcomes in patients with severe COVID-19 infection admitted to critical care. The group will build on preliminary findings from the first wave of the pandemic that patients have a higher relative mortality than other ICU conditions, and increased risk of readmission and healthcare costs. We will also investigate mechanisms behind the findings that patients from Black, Asian and minority ethnic (BAME) populations and lower socioeconomic status are over-represented, compared to similar cohorts with non-COVID critical illness. Working with an multidisciplinary research team and ICU patient representatives, we will try to understand mechanisms determining differing trajectories of recovery also try to design interventions e.g. rehabilitation strategies and therapeutic interventions to improve the severity of post-ICU symptoms in this group.

Who are the PHOSP-COVID Airways Disease group?

PHOSP-COVID is a UK research consortium funded by the government to explore the short to long term sequelae of COVID-19 in people who were hospitalised. It aims to build an integrated clinical and research pathway to tackle persisting symptoms in those who have been in hospital with COVID. The Airways Disease group is a group of experts with skills and track record in airways disease, health informatics and clinical research. They represent centres across the UK caring for patients with long COVID.

What is long COVID?

Long COVID is a collection of symptoms affecting multiple body systems and functions including breathing, mental health, joints and skin, often accompanied by fatigue or reduced energy levels which are experienced by some after suffering acute COVID illness.

Research priorities in long COVID and airways disease

To better understand where research on long COVID and airways disease should focus, the PHOSP-COVID Airways Disease group in partnership with Asthma UK and the British Lung Foundation have received around 300 proposed research questions from over 50 international experts in airways disease and COVID. The group is now collating and refining these questions, which will then go through a process to select the top priority research projects. The views of people with newly diagnosed or pre-existing airway diseases will be incorporated by running a parallel exercise involving patients. The combined results will then inform funders and healthcare researchers on the most pressing research questions in the field of long COVID and airways disease. The results from this joint international prioritisation exercise is planned for publication by early 2021.

The rehabilitation working group aims to determine the long-term effects of COVID-19 on physical and psychological functioning, and to develop interventions that help patients recover from the deleterious effects of COVID-19.

The sarcopenia working group aims to determine the role that sarcopenia plays in poor long term outcomes of COVID-19 survivors. It will compare muscle mass, strength and physical functioning in patients who were hospitalised and made either good recoveries or poor recoveries. It will use a range of techniques to determine the drivers of sarcopenia in these patients in order to identify potential therapies.

The fatigue group aims to examine bio-psycho-social predictors of fatigue post COVID-19 infection, at 3, 6 and 12 months prospectively. This will help inform the development of targeted interventions.

Patient and public involvement is an important part of the PHOSP-COVID study.

The PHOSP Charity Group consists of a wide range of charities who work with the PHOSP Executive Board and subject-specific Working Groups to ensure that the patient voice is taken into account at all stages of the study. Charities are participating members of the Working Groups where they provide expertise and can help to ensure research priorities reflect those of patients and the public. As the study progresses, charities will work closely with the PHOSP team to ensure key messages are shared with patients and the public.

The Thoracic Imaging Steering Group aims to develop the infrastructure to a) collect and anonymise chest x-rays and computed tomography imaging and computed tomography reports for patients in PHOSP-COVID and b) then allow linkage of imaging data with separately held clinical data. The Thoracic Imaging Steering Group will also perform baseline quantitative analyses of collected chest imaging, the results of which will have value for other groups in PHOSP-COVID.